In the last decade, attention to urban livability during nighttime hours, especially in deteriorated urban fabric, has become critically important. This research, recognizing that the physical and social deterioration of target neighborhoods directly impacts citizens' nighttime quality of life by weakening security indicators, focused empirically on two historic districts, Roodband and Qaleh, in Dezful city. The main objective was to explain and quantitatively assess the degree to which the physical, social, and managerial dimensions influence the perception of security and subsequently, the vibrancy and presence in urban spaces at night.
The research methodology was quantitative, employing a descriptive-analytical approach, with data collected via a researcher-made questionnaire based on theoretical foundations of security and nighttime vitality. The questionnaire comprised 17 items measuring independent variables: social participation, household income, local surveillance, street lighting, and spatial legibility, with the dependent variable being the perception of nighttime security. To assess the tool's reliability, Cronbach's Alpha coefficient was calculated as 0.832, indicating desirable internal consistency.
Multiple regression analysis results showed that the set of independent variables significantly explains the perception of security ($\text{R}=0.725$ and $\text{R}^2=0.526$). Over half of the variance in citizens' perception of nighttime safety stems from the existing environmental and social conditions in these dilapidated areas. Consequently, the study emphasizes that urban regeneration programs aimed at reviving nighttime dynamism must concentrate on upgrading physical components, such as appropriate illumination, and strengthening social capital, like local surveillance, to establish the foundation for increased presence, urban vitality, and improved nighttime quality of life.